Common Water Heater Problems: Troubleshooting, Fixes & Prevention

A reliable water heater ensures daily comfort, but problems like cold showers, high bills, or leaks can arise. Identifying hot water heater issues early prevents costly repairs and extends its lifespan.

Below, we’ll explore the most frequent water heater issues, their causes, and what you can do to fix them.

No Hot Water or Inconsistent Supply of Hot Water

If you suddenly find yourself without hot water, the cause could be electrical, gas-related, or due to wear and tear on internal components.

No Hot Water

• A tripped circuit breaker or a failed heating element is often to blame in electric water heaters.
• If you have a gas heater, check if the pilot light is out or if the gas supply is faulty.

Insufficient Hot Water

• A tank that’s too small for your household can run out quickly.
• Broken dip tubes (which help direct cold water to the bottom of the tank) or sediment buildup can also reduce efficiency.

Temperature Fluctuations

• The thermostat may need adjustment or replacement if the water temperature is inconsistent.
• In some dual-element water heaters, crossover pipes can cause mixing issues.

Unusual Noises and Water Quality Issues

Are you hearing strange sounds or noticing changes in water quality? These could be warning signs of internal problems.

Rumbling or Popping Noises in Plumbing

Sediment buildup at the bottom of your water heater can cause rumbling or popping sounds as trapped water overheats and turns into steam.

• This issue is prevalent in rural areas like Lexington County and Blythewood, where well water systems carry higher levels of minerals and sediment.
• If your home relies on well water, consider installing a sediment filter to reduce buildup.
• Flushing your tank at least once a year can also help maintain efficiency and prevent long-term damage.

Discolored Water

• Rust-colored water may indicate that the anode rod (which prevents tank corrosion) has deteriorated or the tank is rusting.

Sulfur Smells

• A rotten egg odor usually results from bacteria reacting with the anode rod.
• Flushing the tank with hydrogen peroxide or installing an aluminum-zinc anode rod can eliminate the smell.

Leaks and Structural Damage Risks

Water leaks can range from minor annoyances to major home disasters. Identifying the source early can prevent costly damage.

Leaking Pressure Relief Valve

If your temperature and pressure relief (T&P) valve leaks, it could indicate excessive pressure inside the tank or a faulty valve that needs replacing.

Loose Fittings vs. Tank Corrosion

A leak at the top of the tank may be due to loose connections, which can often be tightened. If the tank itself is leaking, replacement is the only option.

Condensation vs. Active Leaks

Condensation may form outside the tank in humid areas like Soda City. If you notice pooling water, it is best to shut off the water supply and call a professional immediately.

Efficiency and Operational Failures

If your energy bills are climbing or your water heater isn’t performing efficiently, several factors could be at play.

High Energy Bills

• In Five Points and the Vista, extreme summer heat accelerates outdoor water heater corrosion.
• High temperatures increase tank expansion and contraction, weakening metal over time and leading to faster rusting.

Pilot Light Issues

• A weak or extinguished pilot light may be caused by gas obstructions, a faulty thermocouple, or altitude issues.

Water Hardness Impact

• Homes near the Congaree River, like Shandon and Forest Acres, face hard water, speeding up tank corrosion due to the river’s high mineral content.
• Installing a water softener or flushing your tank regularly can help prevent sediment accumulation and extend the life of your unit.

Component-Specific Malfunctions

Regular maintenance and inspections can help catch issues before they become significant problems and require hot water heater replacement.

Anode Rod Corrosion

The anode rod prevents rust inside the tank but deteriorates over time. Inspecting it every few years and replacing it when necessary can extend your heater’s lifespan.

Tripped Breakers and Faulty Heating Elements

If your electric water heater repeatedly trips the breaker, a failing heating element may be causing an overload. Testing and replacing it can restore proper function.

Smart Thermostat Glitches

Some hybrid or smart water heaters experience software glitches or error codes. Checking the manufacturer’s manual or resetting the system can often resolve the issue.

Advanced Troubleshooting and External Factors

Some water heater problems stem from installation errors or external environmental factors.

Recirculating Pumps

• While these pumps provide instant hot water, they can sometimes cause temperature fluctuations and increase energy use.
• Proper installation and maintenance help optimize performance.

Installation Mistakes

• An improperly sized water heater or incorrect placement can lead to inefficiencies and premature failure.
• Ensuring professional water heater installation prevents these issues.

Cold Weather Efficiency Drops

• In historic areas like Arsenal Hill, sudden freezes, like January 2024’s on Lake Murray, reduce the efficiency of older tank heaters.
• Insulating pipes and adjusting the thermostat can improve winter performance.

When to Call a Professional

While some water heater issues can be resolved with DIY maintenance, others require professional attention. Knowing hot water heater basics can help you determine whether the problem is something you can tackle, or if you need to call your friends at Cassell Bros.

If you notice persistent leaks, no hot water despite troubleshooting, or a spike in energy costs, it’s time to call an expert.

To upgrade to an energy-efficient model, local rebates may be available through SCE&G or the Midlands Energy Efficiency Alliance.

If you’re experiencing water heater issues, don’t hesitate to contact a licensed plumber to ensure your system runs efficiently year-round.